176 accidents and 223 deaths!
In 2018, 176 chemical accidents and 223 deaths occurred nationwide, 43 and 43 fewer than the same period last year, down 19.6% and 16.2% respectively. This paper is the national chemical accident report of 2018. This paper gives a detailed report on the place and types of accidents. With the accident analysis of some major accidents in 2018, let's stand on the brand-new 2019, keep alert in the pain, and spend the year safely and healthily.
In statistics, 11 and 46 major accidents decreased by 4 and 11 persons, respectively, by 26.7% and 19.3% compared with the same period last year; 2 and 43 major accidents increased by 23 persons and 115% compared with the same period last year; no major accidents occurred, which was the same as the same period last year.
Regionally, the provinces with the highest total number of accidents in 2018 are Shandong, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Ningxia, Jiangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Shanxi and Hubei. The provinces with the highest number of deaths are Hebei, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi and Ningxia.
Beijing, Heilongjiang, Shanghai, Guizhou, Xinjiang Corps and Hainan have increased the number of chemical accidents and deaths, while Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang have decreased the number of chemical accidents and deaths.
There are 10 areas in China where major accidents have occurred, of which Shandong and Sichuan are the areas where major accidents have occurred for three consecutive years.
For two consecutive years, Liaoning, Jilin, Jiangsu, Henan and Xinjiang have witnessed major accidents.
The number of chemical accidents and deaths in central enterprises ranked the first two, namely, China Petrochemical Group Co., Ltd. and China Chemical Group Co., Ltd. with 6, 13 and 4 and 24 cases respectively.
Basic situation of accidents
In 2018, 176 chemical accidents and 223 deaths occurred nationwide, 43 and 43 fewer than the same period of last year (219 and 266), respectively falling by 19.6% and 16.2%.
Among them, there were 163 accidents and 134 deaths, 39 accidents and 55 deaths were reduced compared with the same period of last year (202 accidents and 189 deaths), 19.3% and 29.1% respectively.
There were 11 major accidents and 46 deaths, which were 4 and 11 fewer than the same period of last year (15 and 57), with a decrease of 26.7% and 19.3% respectively.
There were 2 major accidents and 43 deaths, the number of which was the same as that of the previous year (2, 20). The number of deaths increased by 23, up by 115%. (See Schedule 1 for details of major and above accidents)
No major accidents occurred, the same as the same period last year.
There were 78 accidents involving hazardous chemicals and 144 deaths in chemical accidents, accounting for 44.3% and 64.6% respectively. There were 12 major accidents involving hazardous chemicals and 82 deaths, accounting for 92.3% and 93.2% of the major accidents, respectively.
In 2018, the total number of chemical accidents, deaths, major accidents and deaths in China decreased considerably compared with the same period last year. The situation of safe production continued to improve steadily. However, two major accidents occurred in 2017 and 2018, and two major accidents occurred annually in succession. The situation of safe production is still grim.
Based on the analysis of accident data over the past six years, the number of chemical and hazardous chemical accidents and deaths decreased year by year from 2013 to 2015, from 142 in 2013 to 97 in 2015, and from 207 in 2015 to 157 in 2015, with a decrease of 31.7% and 24.2% respectively. From 2016 to 2018, after the change of statistical caliber of chemical accidents, the number of accidents and deaths
The number of people decreased from 226 in 2016 to 234 in 2018 to 176 and 223 in 2018, with a decrease of 22.1% and 4.7% respectively. As a result, chemical and hazardous chemical accidents generally show a downward trend.
Distribution of accidents
(1) Time distribution
The time distribution characteristics of chemical accidents in 2018 are quite different from those in previous years. The high incidence periods of chemical accidents in previous years are summer and the beginning of the year. However, the number of accidents in each month of 2018 is relatively average, and there is no obvious time period of concentrated occurrence. Only a few months have relatively more accidents and the oscillation amplitude is reduced compared with previous years.
The main reasons are that in recent years, emergency management departments at all levels have continuously strengthened safety supervision over chemical and dangerous chemical enterprises during the period of frequent accidents, concentrated on law enforcement and inspection, cracking down on non-violations, accident warning education and so on. Relevant enterprises have also strengthened safety management in special periods, and achieved good results. July and November are the months with the highest number of deaths. The main reason is that there is a major accident each. It shows that the two periods of summer and the beginning of the year are still the key periods to prevent accidents, especially serious accidents.
(2) Type distribution
32 poisoning accidents and 39 suffocation accidents accounted for 18.2% and 17.5% respectively; 28 explosion accidents and 82 deaths accounted for 15.9% and 36.8% respectively. Among them, 26 chemical explosions and 78 deaths accounted for 92.9% and 95.1% respectively, while only 2 and 4 physical explosions accounted for 7.1% and 4.9% respectively.
There were 26 high fall accidents and 26 deaths, accounting for 14.8% and 11.7% respectively; 21 mechanical injury accidents and 13 deaths, accounting for 11.9% and 5.8% respectively; 20 fire accidents and 21 deaths, accounting for 11.4% and 9.4% respectively; 12 burning accidents and 9 deaths, accounting for 6.8% and 4.0% respectively.
There were 7 object strike accidents and 5 deaths, accounting for 4.0% and 2.1% respectively; 5 electric shock accidents and 5 deaths, accounting for 2.8% and 2.2% respectively; 5 vehicle injury accidents and 5 deaths.
2. In 2018, there were more than 10 accidents in 10 areas, three fewer than the same period of last year. Two major accidents, one major accident and 34 deaths occurred in Hebei Province, accounting for 23.1% and 38.2% of the total number of accidents and deaths, respectively. One major accident and 19 deaths occurred in Sichuan, two major accidents and 10 deaths occurred in Xinjiang, and one major accident occurred in Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong and Henan.
Note:
1. The provinces marked red were the areas where a major chemical accident occurred in 2018.
2. The yellow provinces are the areas where at least one major chemical accident occurred in 2018.
For three consecutive years (2016-2018), the major and more serious accidents occurred in Shandong (7, 35) and Sichuan (3, 25); for two consecutive years (2017-2018), Liaoning (2, 6), Jilin (2, 6), Jiangsu (2, 13), Henan (2, 7) and Xinjiang (4, 20).
3. Accident mortality rate of every 100 hazardous chemicals production enterprises in China is 1.46. The mortality rate of every 100 enterprises in 18 provinces is higher than the national average. The highest six provinces are Hainan, Qinghai, Jilin, Hebei, Ningxia and Shanghai, and the lowest six provinces are Tibet, Guangdong, Hunan, Shandong, Yunnan and Fujian. (See Schedule 4)
(4) Distribution of enterprise scale
In terms of scale, 44 large enterprises (including 4 enterprises affiliated to central enterprises) accounted for 25% of the total number of accidents, 82 medium-sized enterprises accounted for 46.6% of the total number of accidents, and 50 small enterprises accounted for 28.4% of the total number of accidents. Accidents in small and medium-sized enterprises accounted for 75% of the country's total.
(5) Accidents in Central Enterprises
In 2018, there were 13 chemical accidents and 38 deaths in 5 central enterprises of China Petrochemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., China Salt Industry Group Co., Ltd., China Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., Zhongliang Group Co., Ltd. and China Chemical Engineering Group Co., Ltd., accounting for 7.4% and 16.3% of the total number of accidents and deaths in the whole year, all of which increased year on year (6.4% and 7.5%).
There were 6 accidents and 13 deaths in China Petrochemical Group Co., Ltd., including 1 major accident and 6 deaths; 4 accidents and 24 deaths in China Petrochemical Group Co., Ltd., including 1 major accident and 24 deaths. China Petrochemical Group Co. Ltd. and China Chemical Group Co. Ltd. rank in the top two of the relevant central enterprises in terms of the number of chemical accidents and deaths. (See Schedule 5 for details of accidents in central enterprises)
(6) Accidents in special operation links
From the point of view of accident occurrence, there were 4 accidents involving fire and operation in restricted space in 2018, accounting for 30.8% of the larger accidents. Compared with 2016 and 2017, there were 2 accidents, and the proportion of larger accidents and above also decreased significantly. The main reason is that in recent years, the special renovation of special operation links in various regions has achieved preliminary results.
Typical accident cases
(1) The "7.12" major explosion and fire accident of Hengda Science and Technology Company, Yibin City, Sichuan Province.
On July 12, 2018, at 18:42:33, a major explosion and fire accident occurred in Yibin Hengda Science and Technology Company, located in Yangchun Industrial Park, Jiang'an County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province, which resulted in 19 deaths, 12 injuries and direct economic losses of more than 41.42 million yuan.
The direct cause of the accident was that during the production of imitobacco (herbicide) by Yibin Hengda Science and Technology Company, the operator used sodium chlorate without packaging label as raw material 2-amino-2,3-dimethyl butyramide and added it to the kettle for dehydration (solvent is toluene). Under stirring condition, the mixture of butylamide and sodium chlorate exploded chemically under steam heating, and the high temperature toluene vapor rushed out quickly mixed with the external air and exploded twice. At the same time, the materials such as sodium chlorate, toluene and methanol stored on site were exploded and burned in adjacent workshops.
The outstanding problems exposed by the accident are as follows:
Firstly, Yibin Hengda Science and Technology Company has not approved the first construction, illegal construction, illegal production, and has not strictly implemented the main responsibility of enterprise safety production.
Second, Changzhou Dawn Co., Ltd. and other cooperative enterprises have not fulfilled the main responsibility of production safety, and have violated the law and entrusted Yibin Hengda Science and Technology Co., Ltd. to produce and test products that do not meet the conditions of production safety.
Third, the relevant technical service units such as design, construction, supervision, evaluation and equipment installation fail to perform their duties in accordance with the law, and carry out design, construction, supervision, evaluation, equipment installation and completion acceptance in violation of the law.
Fourth, the relevant units violate the law and regulations in the production, operation, storage and transportation of sodium chlorate.
Fifthly, the administrative committee of Jiang'an Industrial Park and the government of Jiang'an County are not aware of the red line. They do not insist on putting safety in the first place, pay insufficient attention to safety in production, and fail to implement the responsibility of territorial supervision.
(2) The "11.28" major deflagration accident of Shenghua Chemical Company, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province.
On November 28, 2018, at 0:40:55 seconds, the leak of vinyl chloride from Shenghua Chemical Company, Hebei Chemical Industry Group, located in Wangshan Circular Economy Demonstration Zone of Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, spread to the outside of the factory. The fire exploded, causing 24 deaths and 21 injuries.
The direct cause of the accident is:
No. 1 VCM gas holder in Shenghua Chemical Company's PVC workshop has not been repaired in accordance with the regulations for a long time. Before the accident, the VCM gas holder was stuck and inclined, and began to leak. The compressor entrance
(1) Implementing the key work of government supervision departments in some areas is not in place.
In recent years, the Emergency Management Department has put forward clear requirements for major hazard sources, special operations, automation transformation, risk assessment of fine chemical reaction and anti- "three violations". The analysis of chemical accidents in 2018, especially the causes of larger accidents, is mostly related to the inadequate implementation of key deployment tasks, such as the exposure of "5.12" flash explosion accident in Shanghai Secco Petrochemical Company. The major deflagration accident of "11.28" in Shenghua Chemical Company of Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, exposed the serious lack of risk awareness of accident enterprises, the inadequate control of major hazards, the confusion of safety management and other prominent problems. The problem that the key work should not be implemented is still prominent.
(2) Local governments and relevant departments are not well aware of the red line of safety, develop chemical industry blindly, and control the access to the source is not strict.
In some areas, the concept of safety development is not firm, the emphasis is on GDP and the safety is neglected. It does not consider whether the local chemical talents and the safety supervision force of dangerous chemicals meet the needs. It blindly develops the chemical industry. The safety responsibilities of the relevant government departments are not implemented. The administrative approval is not strict. It even gives green light to some enterprises that do not have the conditions for safe production, resulting in the elimination of some enterprises with low intrinsic safety level. The backward production capacity falls to the ground, forming a new risk point.
(3) Implementing the responsibility of the main body of production safety in enterprises is not in place.
Firstly, some of the main responsible persons of enterprises lack safety awareness, weak legal concept, and prominent illegal and irregular acts such as unauthorized construction, unlicensed production and operation, illegal rental of production equipment, etc. If Hengda Science and Technology Co., Ltd., which happened the "7 # 12" major explosion and fire accident in Yibin, Sichuan Province, did not approve the construction first, and organized production illegally, changed the production products without authorization.
Second, some enterprises attach more importance to efficiency than safety, the safety management is confused, the safety investment is insufficient, the ability of managers and operators is insufficient, the lack of training, "three violations" behavior is prominent. For example, the "11.28" accident in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, is a typical example.
Thirdly, some enterprises are seriously inadequate in emergency response capacity. They neither formulate emergency response plans according to law nor conduct emergency drills regularly. Employees lack safety awareness and emergency response ability, and even rescue blindly after accidents.
(4) The basis for safe production of chemical and dangerous chemicals is still weak.
First, a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises have low design standards, backward technology and equipment, insufficient safety investment and low intrinsic safety level.
Second, some enterprises are short of safety management and technical personnel, unable to grasp and apply scientific and systematic safety management methods, extensive management, and unable to meet the requirements of current national laws and regulations for safe production.
Thirdly, some enterprises fail to carry out the key tasks of design diagnosis, automation transformation, special operation management, tank area renovation, risk assessment of fine chemical reaction and anti- "three violations" in recent years, and similar accidents occur repeatedly.
(5) There are still weak links in safety supervision.
On the one hand, some areas, especially grass-roots hazardous chemicals professional supervision and law enforcement personnel, lack of ability to perform their functions; on the other hand, some supervisors work style is not strict, leading to daily supervision "loose, soft", law enforcement efficiency is not high, the effect is not good, the cost of illegal enterprises is low.
Prediction and Countermeasure of Safety Production Situation in 2019
(1) Predicting the situation of production safety.
In 2019, the situation of safe production of chemical and dangerous chemicals in China is expected to remain basically stable. However, the deep-seated contradictions that restrict the development of chemical and dangerous chemicals safety are still prominent. The possibility of serious and extraordinary accidents still exists in areas involving major hazards, key supervised hazardous chemical processes and enterprises, and the situation of safe production is grim.
First, in recent years, the overall profit margin of the petrochemical industry is high, and some enterprises attach importance to efficiency and safety, rush for production, rush for construction period and other blindly pursuing profit behavior has increased, and the risk is still high. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2018, there were 27 813 Enterprises above the scale of petroleum and chemical industries, with the main business income of 12.4 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.6% over the same period of last year, and the total profit of 83.93 billion yuan, an increase of 32.1% over the same period of last year. The China Federation of Petroleum and Chemical Industries predicts that the main business income of the petroleum and chemical industry will increase by about 8% in 2019, and the total profit will be basically equal to or slightly increased in 2018.
Secondly, some key provinces are still under great pressure on production safety. In Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Hebei and other regions, there are many chemical and dangerous chemicals enterprises, and there are many risk points such as major hazards and key supervisory processes. In addition, 20 million tons of newly built refinery and chemical enterprises have entered the trial production stage one after another. The risk is high and the task of accident prevention is heavy.
Thirdly, the industrial restructuring in the eastern region is still in progress. Some chemical enterprises are transferred to the central and western regions under the influence of tightening safety and environmental protection policies. At the same time, the resource-based chemical enterprises in the western region are developing rapidly, which increases the pressure on production safety in the central and Western regions.
Fourthly, small and medium-sized chemical enterprises, which account for a large proportion of enterprises, have weak technical strength, shortage of safety management and operation skills, weak awareness of safety production, low level of safety management, weak key links such as risk identification and control, personnel training, contractor management, change management and special operation management, and safety assurance capability. Poor force, accident prone.
Fifthly, the concept of security development in some areas is not strong enough to prevent and solve the problems.
Thirdly, we will further promote the standardization of production safety in hazardous chemicals enterprises, revise relevant standards for the standardization of production safety in hazardous chemicals practitioners, incorporate safety management elements of chemical processes into relevant standards for production safety standardization, and enhance the standardization and scientific level of production safety management in enterprises.
Fourthly, we should strictly strengthen the safety supervision of central enterprises, promote the establishment of regular exchange mechanism for work, and better play a leading role in demonstration; focus on accident-prone central enterprises, strengthen the safety management of mergers and acquisitions enterprises, and guide them to speed up the improvement of safety management level.
Fifthly, in view of the problems and weak links of accident exposure, we should promote relevant regions and enterprises to further strengthen the special renovation of design diagnosis, special operations, hazardous chemicals tank farms, automation transformation, anti- "three violations", plant periphery and sewer network, and establish, improve and strictly implement various safety management systems.
Sixthly, we should strengthen the standardization, precise and strict law enforcement, improve the level of standardization and informatization of law enforcement, especially to highlight the supervision and enforcement of major risk points involving major dangerous sources of dangerous chemicals, storage areas and other storage sites, as well as key enterprises with low management level, increase the cost of illegal activities of enterprises, and promote the implementation of main responsibilities.
4. Efforts should be made to improve the safety supervision capability of government regulatory departments.
First, we should strengthen the construction of dangerous chemicals safety supervision teams in emergency management departments around the country, enrich professional supervisors and constantly strengthen supervision.
Secondly, we should conscientiously implement the requirements of "Key Training Points for Safety Regulators of Hazardous Chemicals to Improve Their Professional Knowledge", and continuously improve their supervision ability and operational level.
Thirdly, we will organize three-year expert guidance services for 53 key counties of hazardous chemicals to help them effectively solve outstanding problems in the work of safe production of hazardous chemicals. On the basis of identifying risks, identifying problems and taking effective measures, we will vigorously implement key work and promote the local level of safety supervision of hazardous chemicals.
Fourthly, taking the guidance service of experts in key counties as an opportunity, we should promote all regions to carry out the guidance service of experts in other key counties of dangerous chemicals in an all-round way, organize experts to inspect enterprises regularly through third-party organizations, punish existing problems according to law, and promote enterprises to continuously improve the level of production safety.
Fifth, supervise and guide emergency management departments in key counties of hazardous chemicals to hire resident chemical experts to make up for the lack of professional supervision capacity.
5. Highlighting key points and strengthening major risk control of hazardous chemicals.
First, around major hazard sources such as oil and gas storage tank areas, key supervision of hazardous chemical processes and special operation links, we will promote all regions to implement comprehensive safety risk assessment and commitment of hazardous chemical enterprises in accordance with the Circular on the Issuance of Diagnostic Classification Guidelines for Safety Risk Assessment of Hazardous Chemicals Production and Storage Enterprises (Trial Implementation) (Emergency No. 2018) and the Circular on the Comprehensive Implementation of Safety Risk Assessment and Commitment of Hazardous Chemical Enterprises. Notice of the announcement system (Emergency Response No. 74) requires that risk classification and control be done well, responsibility system be improved, and responsible persons and control measures for each major hazard source be implemented.
Second, we should focus on inflammable, explosive, toxic and harmful hazardous chemicals such as vinyl chloride, liquefied natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, strengthen the investigation and management of hidden dangers, resolutely reduce major risks and eliminate major hidden dangers.
Thirdly, we should strengthen supervision and inspection of key areas and enterprises during major national activities, summer high temperature thunderstorms and natural disaster-prone seasons, promote rectification of major hidden dangers and urge prevention of major risks.
Fourth, through interviews, supervision and inspection, accident listing supervision, warning notification and other ways to strengthen the supervision and guidance of key areas where accidents occur frequently.
6. Continuously strengthen accident investigation and warning education.
First, we should persist in dispatching personnel to the scene to supervise the investigation and treatment of major accidents and typical accidents, guide local authorities to thoroughly investigate the causes of accidents, especially the deep-seated causes of management, deeply draw lessons from accidents, and seriously investigate the responsibilities of relevant personnel; and inform the whole country of accidents with universal warning and educational significance.
Second, give full play to the role of various new media, organize and carry out uninterrupted accident warning education; focus on warning education in accident-prone season, timely disclosure of typical accident cases.
